An overview of the communism era in Russia would be quite unsatisfactory source of information for the period but would reveal the good and the bad parts within such a system. Historically, this period was famous for the great divide between the East and the West and is a keystone in the modern development of Russia - the foundation of the modern technologies coming from the Federation were put during socialism and no matter how hard and aggressive that period was, it truely contributed for the vast technological advance of Russian during the post WWII decades, along with advancement in both education and locum jobs for doctors.

After the Marxism had influenced the capitalism and Imperialism states, in 1917 the people of Russia made their choice - taking the path of the Revolution, the state transformed from a monarchy to socialist republic. This is when communism came into use for the first time in a country and the main ideas of the movement were applied.

After the WWII, during the Cold war, the Soviet Union in which Russia was the supreme member, showed an incredible technical advance. Communism worked well for the industry if not for the people - the divide in production and the five year development plans designed a framework for steady development. Since people were not influenced by the capitalism theories, they all worked for the state in a country where the government was the ultimate owner, judge and executor of orders. Private ownership was forbidden and the equality of people led to rapid development. The results were the first man in the space sent by Russia, the technological advance in aircraft and weaponary production as well as electrical engineering and heavy industry machinery.

This is how Communism developed till the 1990s when the Soviet Block was abolished and democracy took place. However, during the years of communism the advance of Russia and its allies was unquestioned and if one posstive feature of communism can be extracted, this would be the ideas of the movement that are completely compatible with the need for steady economical and technological growth.

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During the 9th and the 10th century the middle ages world faced the domination of christianity as not only a religion, but political stability as well (quite a lot like how todays society relies upon apple mac support). Since most of the western world plus the Byzantine Empire were christians, Eastern Europe slowly started accepting the ideals of the church and the first people to gain their independant church were Bulgarians under the rule of Simeon The Great.

The Bulgarians accepted the Constinople Orthodox christianity in the middle of the 9th centure when the rules was Boris I - however, years later, his son Simeon sought the opportunity to strengthen the position of the Bulgarian church.

In the beggining of the 10th century, Bulgarian and Byzantine Empires were facing a serious conflict. The political ambitions of the Byzantines forced Bulgaria to begin a military offansive against its neighbours and the conflict escalated in 917 when the Bulgarian Army crushed the Byzantine troops near the Black Sea town of Aheloi. Thus the Bulgarians took dominance over the neighbouring Empire and concluded a peace treaty in 927.

This is when the Golden Century of the Bulgarian history took place - through force and then political dominance, Simeon the Great gathered the most profound theologists and priests and in a national assembly they concluded the Bulgarian Orthodox church should be independant. The peace treaty concluded that Byzantines recognise the might and the power of the Bulgarian Empire thus allowing and recognising its religious independance - thus the first Slavic church that gained independance proclaimed its first patriarch.

The glory of such an event showed the Western world that only five decades after christianisation, the Eastern World was ready to deal with its cultural and religious development independantly and fortified the positions of the Bulgarian Empire. Simeon the Great was announced the most powerful rules in the East and the Byzantines sought no other option but to accept the requirements of Simeon on the Balkans.

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Even though The Greek culture, Fine art, and knowledge are famous around the world, mainly from the Hollywood productions and the comic books, little do people know about the fact that the Greek culture is the main factor for the development of Europe and the progressive political and governing views around the world.

Greeks started forming states and developing science and philosophy long before the birth of many modern day nations. Some 4000 years ago the Greeks established the main cities of Athens, Troy and Sparta -centers for trade with the Asian peoples and the Africans. Years later, the domination of the Greek thought had already influenced half of the civilized world and the whole of Europe. The literature has its origins from the Greeks, the theatre arts and the advanced architecture were first born in Ancient Greece. Philosophers, mathematicians and poets developed the knowledge that nowadays keeps being used as an engine for the advance in these spheres. The natural truths were known to these ancient people who first developed and used the main principles of democracy and ruling with the power of the nation.

After the years of wars with the Persian Empire and the Arab tribes, somewhere around the 9th century BC, the Greeks colonized the lands of what is now Italy and along with the Italic and the nomad tribes in the area established Rome -the center of the largest and strongest empire ever known to mankind. The Greeks transformed the Peninsula giving the knowledge they acquired and thus the Roman Empire became a formation from the Greek foundations and experience. Later the Byzantine Empire and the Empire of Alexander the Great followed that example thus becoming the largest and strongest Empires after the Roman -they were all established on the knowledge from the Greeks.

From then till modern days, these cultures have influenced and still fascinate the modern man -the Greek knowledge and wisdom are thus the foundations of the modern day public relationships and common knowledge.

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The Byzantine Empire was one of the greatest christian states ever established. Its history can be traced thousands of years back from the times of the Ancient Greeks who first started forming political and independent states in the South of the Balkan Peninsula, and can be seen in the art prints throughout these eras. In the 4th century the Byzantine Empire was a state within the Great Roman Empire and was mainly populated with Greek people.This is when the Christianity started spreading rapidly and a century later, the Roman Emperor Constantine moved the capital city of the empire from Rome to Constantinople (what is nowadays Istanbul).

The is when the Byzantine empire started developing independently -Christianity was accepted as an official religion, slowly the trade between the different states and the Romans was moved from Rome to Constantinople, it became a major religious center for all medieval Christians. Years later Byzantine state split with the Roman Empire and the two countries were no longer connected.

While Rome was getting weaker, ruled by old traditions and the Vatican as a major conductor of all state operations, The Byzantine Empire was gathering force. The conquered many of the old Roman provinces thus gaining the power to trade easily and to spread Christianity. The political factors of these events led to the split in the Christian religion to Catholics (those who belonged to the church of Vatican in Rome) and Orthodox (those who remained bound by the church of Constantinople). The Byzantine Empire established itself as a main European force, advanced in the knowledge of exploring the natural sciences, recording many of the Mid Ages historical facts and following their Greek ancestors, the Byzantine people became the most educated and politically capable people in Europe.

The Byzantine Empire was destroyed in the middle of the 15th century by the Ottomans who invaded Europe, but its culture and heritage that these people left for the world is still obvious -the influences they brought to the world are never to change.

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Its been more than a half of a century since the world experienced the horror and the fear of the World War II. People nowadays remember those dark times with tears on their eyes and with that patriotic feeling that comes like a needle in your chest when you recall that memory. The world remembers many great battles from those nations, strong enough and brave enough to resist the unlawful invasions they were put under. Such are the people of Moscow that nowadays recall the days from the glorious defense of their city against the German occupiers and the glory and the pride they are filled with is completely deserved.

In the autumn of 1941 the German troops invaded Russia reaching the lands surrounding Moscow and thus violating the truce between the two countries. The Russians were completely unprepared for that battle and had very few weapons or provisions in storage, and the slight defense they had in the Russian capital was theoretically enough to hold back the invaders. The Soviet soldiers were located in different parts of the USSR thus being completely unable to defend the country from the German attack primarily directed to the capital city. The Russian citizens were trapped in a horrific situation where they could not defend the outskirts of Moscow and all the villages around it… Many people lost their lives in the German invasion -historians claim that the war victims that Russia suffered were more than 1 000 000 people excluding the military casualties.

At that point the patriotism and the bravery of the ordinary people turned the outcome of the whole war. Russia could have never started a counter attack against the Germans if it were not for the ordinary people of Moscow who held the Germans outside the city walls thus protecting the heart of Russia. Women were working in the factories along with children, some of whom were only 4 or 5 years old. Men from all ages were sacrificing their lives in the name of their country. This gave the Russians time to mobilize their troops, to reinforce the city outskirts and to prepare a defensive actions against the Germans.

In January 1942 the Soviet army crushed the remainders of the German invaders thus putting an end to the unlawful Nazi invasions and forcing them to retreat. The conclusion -Russia owes that victory to all these ordinary men and women who died to protect the nation and to rise against the injustice. This is the reason why nowadays the whole of Russia trembles when the memory of that glorious battle come in mind -people of Russia deserve these tears- tears of patriotism, proud and bravery.

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At the time Charles came to the throne England was in a poor financial state after decades of turbulent wars with France and Spain. In an attempt to raise funds he increased taxes and in doing so riled the country’s ruling classes. Tension between the King and Parliament eventually strained to breaking point and corrupt politicians saw an opportunity to oust the King.

Politicians made life difficult for Charles by passing a law that made it illegal for him to collect taxes or secure equity release without Parliamentary consent – and of course, they didn’t give consent. The lack of finances weakened the Kings position and when Parliamentary propaganda circulated rumours that Charles was supporting Catholics the civilians of the four nations of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland were forced to take sides. You were either for the Royalists or you were for Parliament.

Those in favour of civil war were in the minority on both sides and by the time it was over, even fewer were still in favour. In fact the only interested parties were the elitists that stood to gain anything from it. Corrupt parliamentary officials that wanted to squeeze out the sovereignty so they could have power for themselves – and that is exactly what they did.

The man given protectorate of the country was Oliver Cromwell, but has he had not come from a privileged background, didn’t have a mass of wealth, nor did he have any great personal power to rule the country. Therefore he was nothing but a puppet for the wealthy merchants and landowners – just as we see with the political setup in today’s world. The decision to execute King Charles and dispense with sovereignty was not a popular choice, even Cromwell himself was against the idea. The ruling classes however claimed there was no suitable replacement, thus sovereignty ended and England was declared ‘a commonwealth and free state.’

Cromwell’s early reign was distracted by uprisings which he mercilessly crushed with his infamous Scorched Earth policy in which thousands of defenceless men and women lost their lives. The ten years in which he was protectorate of the country was only possible with military dictatorship – the type of fascist Marshall Law conspiracy theorists say will be used to empower the New World Order. Cromwell’s reign was considered by many ‘a mock parliament and mock power–dominated by corrupt and self-interested men that were not representative of the country.’ Does any of this sound familiar?

When Cromwell died in 1957, the military forces that had supported Cromwell deserted leaving Parliamentarians exposed for Charles II to regain the throne and reinstate Sovereignty. As far as the general public were concerned, order of the country was restored with the sovereignty. In reality, the corrupt politicians had changed the system behind the scenes to ensure they hold the power, whilst the crown appeases the unwitting crowd.

This system of course is more obvious today than it would have been in the 16^th century had people found out what was really happening. We accept it for the way the world is. We accept it because we don’t have a choice. The English Civil war was a blueprint for the French Revolution and the American Civil War, conflicts engineered and financed by wealthy and corrupt men. These elitists still run the world, but what is t mosworrying is how they intend to make us run in their world. As Paul Warburg said in 1950, “There will be a New World Order whether you like it or not. The only question is whether it will be achieved through conquest or consent.” If there is a New World Order, that Order will be policed by Marshall Law!

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After adopting christianity in the middle of the 9th century and after being the first to use Slavic alphebet and language, Bulgaria inevitable became the centre of the eastern european world. Being torn apart by internal political and religious scandals, the Byzantine Empire could not maintain its stability and comfort in the Orthodox world. The bulgarians had a new king -Simeon, who, among many scholars from the middle ages, was the most well-educated man in his kindgom. Seeing the discomfort in the Byzantine Empire, the young king took advantage and brought back many territories populated with bulgarians using the strenght of the bulgarian cavalary and the spirit of the bulgarian soldiers. By regaining many new lands populated with Slavic tribes and by massively expanding the borders towards the capital of the Byzantine, the bulgarian king gained potential to develop the country and increase its cultural and economic standards.

After conquering new lands, which led to massive expansion in the bulgarian territories (now spreadin between the three seas in Eastern Europe) and after defeating the Byzantine emperor in a glorious battle, Simeon not only made Bulgaria one of the strongest countries in the known world, but culturally enriched the whole of the Balkan Peninsula. Bulgaria became the second independant orthodox church after the greek one, Bulgarian language gave birth to all Slavic languages that are known nowadays, the country under his reign gave the world almost 1/8 of all written documents from those times. Historians from middle ages say Simeon’s palace was made with the gold the Byzantine Empire and Franks paid Simeon for only one year…

These reasons inevitable lead to the conclusion that the small country we now call Bulgaria, has actually never changed its name… This country was once feared by most of the European nations because it ruled over hundreds of different Slavic and Greek tribes, giving them the true Orthodox religion and enriching them with the Slavic literature and knowledge. This is the reason why even unknown to many of us, this small Balkan country was one of the Empires in the known middle ages world and being led by a mighty king, contained a big part of the cultural potential of Europe.

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It all began as a luxury item and soon changed to a necessity, like most other technological inventions. Cars are now a common place found item and each of them spews out obnoxious and poisonous gas that pollutes the atmosphere to no recordable limits. This led to the makers and the customers rethinking on this product.

The birth of electric cars came in this manner, as a result of the necessity to have something that served the same purpose as the conventional car albeit causing no harm to nature. The only other viable alternative that was found is battery driven cars. The battery pack installed in the car drives a motor which in turn is the power source for the wheels to turn.

Issues like gas emissions that occur from the conventional gasoline driven cars do not occur at all. This emission accounts for most of today’s environment pollution that is occurring. Conventional gasoline cars also produce noise which directly affects human beings and other living beings alike. This adverse effect is also obviated in the case of electric cars.

Though it seems all good, there are some issues that go against electric cars also. Issues like battery discharge and need to recharge along with finding location to recharge exist. Part of these issues is being handled with the introduction of solar powered cells and also cars that have regenerative brake system. The energy that is generated during braking is used to recharge the cells.

Such adaptations and further thinking is in progress to make the electric car, such as the insight hybrid, the perfect replacement of the gasoline driven cars.

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After the assassination of Philip, the newly formed Macedonian Empire became the young Alexander’s responsibility. Wanting to continue in his father’s footsteps, Alexander set about defeating the Persian Empire and conquering its lands. First, however, he needed the help and support of the Greek city states (except Sparta), many of whom had already allied with Macedon, or had been conquered. Once he got this backing, he set off on his military exploits that would make him a legend of history and would gain him renown as a military genius.

Sparta was never conquered by Macedon, because the latter respected Spartan prowess too much to ever risk an attack. In fact, at one point, Philip sent a letter to Sparta stating that if he ever entered Laconia (the region in which the city of Sparta was located) he would level Sparta to the ground. The Spartans replied with a simple, yet very effective, “if”.

Alexander went on to be successful against the Persians in several large battles, such as the ones at Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela. Alexander’s defeat of the Persian Empire would be absolute and culminated in the latter of the battles and the death of Darius III.

Even after his defeat of the Persians, Alexander’s thirst for expansion and conquest was not quenched. He took his army and continued on past the boundaries of the Persian Empire and wanted to reach “the ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea.”He managed to invade as far as India, but was forced to turn back because his army was on the verge of mutiny after a long and exhausting campaign.

Alexander managed, in his short lifetime, to conquer the lands of modern day Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Egypt, Afghanistan and Pakistan. I believe that he would have added India to that impressive list as well if he had had the chance. He was also undefeated in battle. These are unbelievable achievements and simply reinforce why Alexander is thought of as “the Great.”

So there you have it. Proof that not everyone who is born with a silver spoon in their mouth lounges around on luxury bedding all day!

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